Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

Hoe verschilt de output van een ileostoma meestal van die van een sigmoïdstoma (colostoma)?

1. ABeide produceren eenmaal per dag gevormde ontlasting
2. BBeide produceren alleen gas en slijm
3. CIleostoma-output is gevormd; colostoma-output is vloeibaar
4. DIleostoma-output is vloeibaar; colostoma-output is gevormd

What is a hiatus hernia?

1. ABowel bulging through a weak point in the muscle at the umbilicus
2. BPart of the bowel pushing through the groin into the scrotum
3. CA bulge of bowel through an old surgical scar
4. DPart of the stomach pushing up through the diaphragm

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh pressure inside the skull
2. BRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
3. CHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
4. DRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. ATake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
2. BStop eating fibre completely
3. CWait until there has been no stool for a week
4. DStart a regular laxative at the same time

What is the most important safety point about misoprostol?

1. AIt strongly raises blood glucose in people with diabetes
2. BIt must be given only by deep intramuscular injection
3. CIt causes severe constipation in most patients
4. DIt can cause miscarriage and must not be used in pregnancy

A routine wound swab grows bacteria, but the wound shows no signs of infection. What does this usually mean?

1. AThe patient needs IV antibiotics straight away, whatever the wound looks like
2. BThe swab result means the wound is infected
3. CThe wound is colonised; antibiotics are not usually needed
4. DThe wound must be closed with sutures again

A patient with lung cancer becomes hypotensive and breathless, with distended neck veins and quiet heart sounds. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA side effect of anti-sickness drugs
2. BCardiac tamponade from a pericardial effusion
3. CHypercalcaemia of malignancy from bone metastases
4. DSuperior vena cava obstruction from the tumour

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week
2. BCut a smaller hole in the pouch
3. CRub the stoma to improve its colour
4. DReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic