Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues have no blood supply
2. BThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells
3. CThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs
4. DThese tissues are the main sites of cancer

Which statement describes moderate ("conscious") sedation?

1. AThe patient is fully alert and anxious
2. BThe patient needs a ventilator to breathe
3. CThe patient cannot be roused by any stimulus, even a painful one
4. DThe patient is drowsy but responds to voice or light touch

How is hepatitis A mainly spread?

1. AFaecal-oral route
2. BTick and mosquito bites
3. CBreathing in airborne droplets
4. DBlood transfusion and needles

During the first infusion of a monoclonal antibody such as rituximab, which problem is most important to watch for?

1. ASevere constipation within the first hour of starting the infusion
2. BAn infusion reaction, such as fever, rigors or breathlessness
3. CSudden hair loss during the infusion
4. DA rise in platelet count above normal

Wat is het belangrijkste klinische verschil tussen dunnedarm- en dikkedarmobstructie?

1. ADunne darm: vroeg braken, minder opgezetheid; dikke darm: later braken, duidelijke opgezetheid
2. BDunne darm: helemaal geen braken; dikke darm: vroeg overvloedig braken zonder opgezetheid
3. CEr is geen klinisch verschil; alleen een CT-scan kan ze onderscheiden
4. DDunne darm: alleen duidelijke opgezetheid; dikke darm: geen pijn, geen braken en helemaal geen opgezetheid

After a percutaneous liver biopsy, how is the patient usually positioned at first?

1. AProne, with the head lower than the feet
2. BSitting upright, with the legs over the edge of the bed
3. COn the right side, to press on the puncture site
4. DOn the left side, to drain the liver

A patient's ileostomy output is 2,5 L a day. They feel tired and dizzy and are drinking large amounts of water. Which advice is usually appropriate?

1. ADrink even more plain water and tea to replace the losses
2. BEat only fruit and fruit juice
3. CLimit plain drinks and use an oral rehydration solution
4. DStop all drinking for 24 hours

After two days of large volumes of IV 5% glucose, a postoperative patient becomes confused with a headache. Sodium is 124 mmol/L. What is the likely cause?

1. AHyponatraemia from hypotonic fluids
2. BNormal confusion after any anaesthetic
3. CHypernatraemia from too much salt
4. DHypoglycaemia from the glucose