Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

Which feature is typical of Crohn's disease?

1. AIt affects only the rectum and colon, in one continuous stretch
2. BIt affects only the stomach lining and causes ulcers there
3. CIt affects only the liver and bile ducts
4. DIt can affect any part of the gut, with normal bowel in between

What is the first aid for a dry chemical powder on the skin?

1. ARub it in with a wet cloth to spread it thinly over the skin
2. BBrush off the powder, then irrigate with plenty of water
3. CCover it with a tight dressing and wait
4. DAdd vinegar to neutralise it at once

What is metastasis?

1. AHealing of tissue after a biopsy
2. BThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
3. CShrinking of a tumour after treatment
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

Waarom heeft vaste (geplande) pijnstilling in de eerste dagen na een grote operatie vaak de voorkeur boven doses “zo nodig”?

1. AHet voorkomt alle bijwerkingen van opioïden volledig
2. BHet maakt het mogelijk doses boven de maximale dagdosis te geven
3. CHet houdt de geneesmiddelspiegels stabiel en voorkomt ernstige pijnpieken
4. DHet maakt het overbodig de pijn van de patiënt overdag te beoordelen

Which diet is usually recommended for a patient with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy?

1. ANo food at all until the confusion settles
2. BA very low-protein diet for the rest of their life to lower ammonia
3. COnly clear fluids for several weeks
4. DNormal protein and enough calories, with a late-evening snack

A day after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient has a headache that is worse when sitting up and better when lying flat. What is the most likely cause?

1. ARaised blood pressure from pain
2. BMigraine caused by hospital lighting
3. CA side effect of the antibiotic
4. DPost-dural puncture headache

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
2. BAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools
3. CReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless
4. DGive loperamide and review next week

A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?

1. ATake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food
2. BConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
3. CUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course
4. DCombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses