Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

What is the most common cause of intrinsic (renal) acute kidney injury in hospital?

1. AAn enlarged prostate
2. BPolycystic kidney disease
3. CAcute tubular necrosis
4. DKidney stones

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
2. BThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
3. CPatients usually drink too much milk
4. DThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
2. BEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
3. CAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
4. DInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often
2. BKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
3. CMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
4. DRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with hypothyroidism
2. BA patient with heart failure
3. CA patient with an allergy to latex
4. DA patient with asthma

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
2. BA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal
3. CRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool
4. DAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating

A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?

1. ACentral cord syndrome
2. BA complete lumbar cord injury
3. CBrown-Séquard syndrome
4. DCauda equina syndrome

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor is booked for major surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AThe drug must be taken right up until the operation starts
2. BThe dose is usually doubled on the morning of surgery
3. CIt is usually paused in the days before surgery
4. DSurgery is not possible in patients taking this drug