Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Which group of features is typical of Parkinson's disease?

1. AWeakness rising from the feet, with tingling and lost reflexes
2. BDrooping eyelids and double vision that get worse later in the day
3. CResting tremor, rigidity and slow movement
4. DIntention tremor, muscle wasting and twitching under the skin

How does haemodialysis remove waste from the blood?

1. AThe waste is removed through a tube in the bladder
2. BA filter in the stomach absorbs waste from food
3. CThe blood is spun so that waste sinks to the bottom
4. DWaste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey slow down the absorption of food
2. BThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
3. CThey replace insulin that the body lacks
4. DThey make the pancreas release more insulin

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. ADark yellow urine and thirst
2. BA weight loss of 1 kg (2,2 lb) after a hot day
3. CA weight gain of 2 kg (4,4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
4. DA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
2. BIt raises potassium to protect the heart
3. CIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
4. DIt lowers the blood glucose to normal

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
2. BWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
3. CAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
4. DStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone

A drowsy patient's glucose meter shows "HI". What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord "normal" in the notes because no number appears
2. BGive glucose gel in case the reading is wrong
3. CTreat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
4. DAssume the meter is broken and recheck tomorrow

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
2. BA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder
3. CA patient with a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
4. DA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level