Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Which hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets make?

1. AAmylase
2. BSomatostatin
3. CGlucagon
4. DInsulin

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt is cured by levodopa
2. BIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
3. CIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain
4. DIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA simple viral skin rash
2. BMeningococcal septicaemia
3. CAn allergic reaction to soap
4. DHeat rash from a high temperature

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
3. CSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
4. DThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins

Why is nimodipine given to patients after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

1. ATo stop seizures in the first few days
2. BTo raise the blood pressure and improve perfusion
3. CTo reduce brain injury from delayed vasospasm
4. DTo dissolve the blood clot around the aneurysm

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
2. BBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
3. CBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
4. DBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. AFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures
2. BFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
3. CLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
4. DLow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AThe start of Alzheimer's disease
2. BNormal tiredness after an operation
3. CSimple low mood about being in hospital
4. DHypoactive delirium