Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Wat is het vroegste en meest gevoelige teken van verhoogde intracraniële druk?

1. AEen verandering in bewustzijnsniveau
2. BBradycardie met hoge bloeddruk
3. COnregelmatige ademhaling met lange pauzes
4. DVaste, wijde pupillen aan beide kanten

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. ABack pain that eases when walking around the house
2. BPain that is worse after a long day at work
3. CMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off
4. DNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. AWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision
2. BRegular eye screening with retinal photographs
3. CA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
4. DChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit

Waarom wordt metformine meestal achtergehouden tijdens acute nierschade of rond gejodeerd contrast bij risicopatiënten?

1. AHet veroorzaakt hyperkaliëmie wanneer de nieren beschadigd zijn
2. BHet blokkeert het contrast zodat de scan niet beoordeeld kan worden
3. CHet kan zich ophopen en het risico op lactaatacidose vergroten
4. DHet veroorzaakt ernstige hypoglykemie in combinatie met contrast

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt must be taken only once a week
2. BIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
3. CIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
4. DIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange

A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?

1. AAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it
2. BAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
3. CAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
4. DAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first

On day 6 after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, a patient becomes newly confused and develops weakness in one arm. The aneurysm was secured on day 1. What is the most likely cause?

1. ADelayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm
2. BHypoglycaemia from reduced eating
3. CNormal tiredness after major surgery
4. DRe-bleeding from the secured aneurysm

A nurse teaches a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis about levothyroxine. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will report palpitations or chest pain."
2. B"I can stop the tablets once I feel back to normal."
3. C"I will take the tablets at the same time each day."
4. D"I will have regular blood tests to check my dose."