Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo kill the tumour cells directly
2. BTo reduce swelling around the tumour
3. CTo prevent infection after a biopsy
4. DTo raise the blood pressure

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine
2. BIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream
3. CIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
4. DIt makes the liver release stored glucose

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. ASensory nerves in the skin only
2. BUpper and lower motor neurons
3. CThe nerves of the autonomic system only
4. DThe optic nerves and retina

What is the dexamethasone suppression test used for?

1. ATo diagnose diabetes insipidus
2. BTo measure kidney function
3. CTo check thyroid function
4. DTo help diagnose Cushing's syndrome

A patient has taken metformin for many years and now has tingling feet and a low haemoglobin. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. AThyroid antibodies
2. BBlood alcohol level
3. CSerum amylase
4. DVitamin B12 level

Why is levodopa combined with carbidopa (or benserazide)?

1. ATo prevent tolerance from developing to levodopa over time
2. BTo make levodopa cross into the brain more slowly and evenly
3. CTo add a separate effect that reduces the resting tremor directly
4. DTo stop levodopa being converted to dopamine outside the brain

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. AA rise in blood glucose from the urine
2. BA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
3. CFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis
4. DRupture of the bladder from the catheter

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
2. B"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
3. C"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
4. D"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."