Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
2. BThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken
3. CThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only
4. DThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. APatients usually drink too much milk
2. BThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
3. CThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
4. DThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys

What is urge incontinence?

1. ALeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
2. BA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
3. CDribbling because the bladder never empties
4. DLeaking because the toilet is too far away

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids
2. BGive large amounts of IV fluid
3. CCheck the weight once a week
4. DMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight

A patient with myasthenia gravis wants to plan a busy day. Which advice fits the disease?

1. AExercise to exhaustion so the muscles get stronger quickly
2. BAvoid rest periods, because rest makes the weakness worse
3. CDo the hardest tasks in the evening when muscles are warmed up
4. DDo demanding tasks in the morning or when the drug works best

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. ASkin cancer
2. BKidney stones
3. CHair loss
4. DGout

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1,8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephritic syndrome
2. BAcute pyelonephritis
3. CA urethral stricture
4. DNephrotic syndrome

A patient with stable epilepsy on phenytoin started a new medicine last week. They now have nystagmus, an unsteady gait and slurred speech. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the next phenytoin dose early to prevent a seizure
2. BEncourage the patient to walk more to improve their balance
3. CSuspect a new stroke and give aspirin straight away before any scan
4. DSuspect phenytoin toxicity, hold the next dose and ask for a drug level