Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
2. BThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
3. CThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
4. DPatients usually drink too much milk

What is the normal range for total serum calcium in an adult?

1. AAbout 3,5–5,0 mmol/L (14–20 mg/dL)
2. BAbout 0,7–1,0 mmol/L (2,8–4,0 mg/dL)
3. CAbout 1,0–1,5 mmol/L (4,0–6,0 mg/dL)
4. DAbout 2,2–2,6 mmol/L (8,5–10,5 mg/dL)

What is a common complication after a lumbar puncture?

1. ALoss of hearing in one ear
2. BA headache that is worse when sitting or standing
3. CA rapid rise in blood glucose
4. DPermanent paralysis of both legs from nerve damage

Waarom worden na een thyreoïdectomie vaak hechting- of nietjesverwijderaars bij het bed bewaard?

1. AEen hematoom in de nek kan de luchtweg afknellen en moet mogelijk worden ontlast
2. BDe hechtingen moeten de eerste avond na de operatie worden verwijderd
3. CZe zijn nodig om bloed af te nemen uit de halsvenen
4. DZe worden gebruikt om de drain bij te stellen wanneer die niet meer werkt

Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?

1. ABecause food doubles the strength of the dose
2. BTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
3. CBecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
4. DBecause it cannot be absorbed at night

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. ASugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
4. DWashing prevents all infection from the lancet

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. ALow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
2. BFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures
3. CLow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
4. DFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed

A patient with diabetic neuropathy has a hot, red, swollen foot that is barely painful. The skin is intact, and there is no fever. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal swelling from standing too long
2. BA sprained ankle that will settle with walking
3. CGout, which only needs pain relief
4. DAn acute Charcot foot, needing urgent offloading