Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: neurologie, endocrinologie en nieren met antwoorden

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist
2. BMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
3. CLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
4. DUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements
2. BIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
3. CIt is cured by levodopa
4. DIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. AAdvanced chronic kidney disease
2. BAddison's disease
3. CTaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
4. DTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril

A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the insulin with a glass of water instead
2. BWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
3. COmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day
4. DGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. AVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
2. BRestricting fluids in the evening only
3. CCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
4. DAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. ACheck the weight once a week
2. BMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
3. CGive large amounts of IV fluid
4. DEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids

Six hours after a catheter is removed, a patient has not passed urine and feels uncomfortable. What should the nurse do?

1. ATell the patient to drink two litres of water quickly
2. BWait until the next morning before checking
3. CPut the catheter back without assessing
4. DDo a bladder scan to check for retention

A patient with a head injury now has a blood pressure of 190/70 mmHg, a pulse of 48/min and irregular breathing. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. ACushing's triad, a late sign of raised intracranial pressure
2. BHypovolaemic shock from internal bleeding
3. CNeurogenic shock from a spinal cord injury
4. DA normal stress response to pain, anxiety and the noise of the ward