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Naam: ____________________ Datum: ____________
1.Makkelijk
How do second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine and loratadine differ from older ones?
AThey are given only by injection
BThey block H2 receptors in the stomach
CThey work only on the skin
DThey cause much less drowsiness
2.Makkelijk
Which adverse effect can follow long-term use of strong topical corticosteroids?
APermanent darkening of the nails
BThinning of the skin
CThickening of the skin
DIncreased hair loss on the scalp
3.Makkelijk
In Addison's disease, fludrocortisone is given to replace which hormone?
AAdrenaline
BAldosterone
CThyroxine
DCortisol
4.Gemiddeld
A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?
AStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
BMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
CHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
DIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
5.Gemiddeld
A malnourished patient with alcohol dependence needs IV glucose. Which vitamin should be given before or with it?
AThiamine (vitamin B1)
BVitamin D
CVitamin K (phytomenadione)
DVitamin C
6.Gemiddeld
Why is a spacer recommended with a metered-dose inhaler?
AIt removes the need to shake the inhaler
BIt turns the inhaler into a nebuliser
CIt doubles the dose of drug released by each puff of the inhaler
DMore drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth
7.Moeilijk
Waarom wordt de dosering van gentamicine met bloedspiegels gecontroleerd?
AHet wordt volledig door de lever afgebroken, dus de leverfunctie bepaalt de dosis
BHet is nefrotoxisch en ototoxisch met een smalle therapeutische breedte
CHet werkt alleen bij zeer hoge concentraties
DHet veroorzaakt ernstige hypoglykemie
8.Moeilijk
A patient taking furosemide has a serum potassium of 2,9 mmol/L (mEq/L). Which ECG change is typical of this level?
ATall, peaked T waves
BFlattened T waves and prominent U waves
CWidened QRS with a sine-wave pattern
DA short QT interval with high R waves
Antwoordenblad
1. D · They cause much less drowsiness
2. B · Thinning of the skin
3. B · Aldosterone
4. D · Increase the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
5. A · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
6. D · More drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth
7. B · Het is nefrotoxisch en ototoxisch met een smalle therapeutische breedte
8. B · Flattened T waves and prominent U waves
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