Werkblad Farmacologie met antwoorden

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt increases the excretion of cholesterol in the urine and bile
2. BIt binds bile acids in the gut
3. CIt inhibits HMG-CoA reductase in the liver
4. DIt reduces the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine

In the United States, what is a "boxed warning" (black box warning) on a drug label?

1. AA sign that the drug must be stored in a dark box
2. BThe strongest FDA warning about a serious or life-threatening risk
3. CA label showing that the drug is a controlled substance with abuse potential
4. DA note that the drug is available without prescription

Finasteride is used in benign prostatic hyperplasia because it:

1. AKills bacteria in the prostate
2. BIncreases testosterone production
3. CInhibits 5-alpha reductase and slowly shrinks the prostate
4. DRelaxes smooth muscle in the prostate within hours of the first dose

A patient has oral mucositis after chemotherapy. Which advice is appropriate?

1. AUse an alcohol-based mouthwash several times a day to kill germs
2. BUse a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash
3. CBrush hard with a firm toothbrush to remove debris
4. DEat spicy and acidic foods to stimulate healing

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt increases urine production in the kidney
2. BIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
3. CIt shrinks the prostate gland
4. DIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle

A patient takes regular paracetamol (acetaminophen) at home. Which teaching point best prevents accidental overdose?

1. ATake paracetamol with alcohol to improve absorption
2. BCheck cold and flu remedies, as many also contain paracetamol
3. CUse paracetamol only on an empty stomach
4. DTake an extra dose if the first one does not work within 10 minutes

Carboprost is a prostaglandin used for postpartum haemorrhage. In which woman should it be avoided?

1. AA woman with asthma
2. BA woman who had a vaginal birth
3. CA woman with iron deficiency anaemia
4. DA woman who is breastfeeding

A patient taking dabigatran has a life-threatening bleed. Which specific reversal agent is used?

1. AAndexanet alfa
2. BProtamine sulfate
3. CIdarucizumab
4. DVitamin K