Werkblad Farmacologie met antwoorden

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ACauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk
2. BSpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol
3. CReplaces alcohol as a sedative
4. DBlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving

Desmopressin is a synthetic analogue of which hormone?

1. AAntidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
2. BAldosterone
3. COxytocin, the hormone of labour
4. DInsulin

In the United States, what does a Schedule II controlled substance mean?

1. AA drug with no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse
2. BA drug with almost no risk of abuse
3. CA drug available freely over the counter
4. DA drug with accepted medical use but a high risk of abuse

A patient receiving chemotherapy has a very low neutrophil count and is going home. Which teaching is most important?

1. AReport a temperature of 38 °C (100,4 °F) or higher straight away
2. BEat plenty of raw shellfish to boost protein
3. CTake paracetamol regularly so that fevers do not show
4. DExercise in crowded gyms to build strength

Why is testing for HLA-B*15:02 recommended before carbamazepine in people of some Asian ancestries?

1. AThis gene variant makes carbamazepine ineffective
2. BThis gene variant speeds up the kidney excretion of carbamazepine
3. CThis gene variant causes carbamazepine to raise blood glucose
4. DIt greatly raises the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome

Why is simvastatin traditionally taken in the evening?

1. AIt is inactivated by sunlight during the day
2. BIt is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
3. CIt must be taken with the largest meal of the day
4. DIt causes too much drowsiness to be taken in the morning

A ventilated ICU patient receives vecuronium, a neuromuscular blocker. Why must sedation and pain relief also be given?

1. AVecuronium causes severe pain at the injection site
2. BVecuronium stops working unless a sedative is also given
3. CSedatives are needed to prevent vecuronium from causing seizures and agitation
4. DNeuromuscular blockers paralyse muscles but do not cause sedation or analgesia

A patient receiving frequent salbutamol (albuterol) nebulisers develops a fine tremor and a heart rate of 120 per minute. What is the best explanation?

1. AAt high doses it also stimulates beta receptors in skeletal muscle and the heart
2. BThe patient is allergic to salbutamol and needs adrenaline
3. CSalbutamol causes high potassium, which speeds the heart and causes muscle twitching
4. DSalbutamol blocks muscarinic receptors in the heart