Pytania ćwiczeniowe w stylu NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): zestaw na powtórkę

Co dzieje się na etapie ewaluacji w procesie pielęgnowania?

1. APielęgniarka sprawdza, czy cele zostały osiągnięte, i modyfikuje plan
2. BPielęgniarka pisze kartę wypisową dla lekarza
3. CPielęgniarka po raz pierwszy zbiera wywiad od pacjenta i wstępne pomiary parametrów
4. DPielęgniarka realizuje zaplanowane interwencje

A postoperative wound drain that had drained little suddenly fills with bright red blood. What should the nurse do?

1. ACheck the patient's vital signs and report it urgently
2. BClamp the drain and tell no one
3. CRemove the drain because it is not working
4. DEmpty the drain and record it at the next routine round

A patient walking with a gait belt suddenly starts to fall. What should the nurse do?

1. AHold the belt, widen the stance and ease the patient gently to the floor
2. BGrab the patient under both arms and try hard to keep them standing up
3. CPull the patient backwards quickly toward the bed
4. DLet go of the belt and run to call for help

In US nursing practice, which task should the RN not assign to an LPN/LVN?

1. AReinforcing hand hygiene teaching that the RN has already given
2. BA dressing change on a healing surgical wound that has no signs of infection
3. CThe initial admission assessment of a new patient with suspected sepsis
4. DGiving scheduled oral antibiotics to a stable patient

A patient’s peripheral IV site is swollen, pale and cool, and the infusion has slowed. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the infusion and remove the cannula
2. BApply a tight bandage over the site to reduce swelling
3. CFlush the cannula hard to clear the blockage
4. DIncrease the infusion rate to overcome the resistance

Which patient is the best choice for the room closest to the nurses’ station?

1. AA patient admitted for a planned scan, feeling well
2. BA young adult waiting for discharge tomorrow
3. CA patient with stable diabetes who walks independently
4. DA confused older adult at high risk of falls

Nowa kolostomia w drugiej dobie po operacji jest ciemnofioletowa, prawie czarna. Co to oznacza?

1. APrawidłową, zdrową stomię
2. BZwykły pooperacyjny siniak stomii niewymagający działań
3. CMożliwe niedokrwienie stomii, które wymaga pilnej oceny
4. DZaparcie

During a blood transfusion, an older patient with heart failure becomes breathless with a rising blood pressure, raised JVP and crackles in the lungs. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA febrile non-haemolytic reaction
2. BTransfusion-associated circulatory overload
3. CTransfusion-related acute lung injury with hypotension
4. DAnaphylaxis

When should a blood sample for a digoxin level be drawn to be interpreted correctly?

1. AAt least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
2. BWithin 30 minutes after an oral dose to show the peak level
3. CAt any time, because digoxin levels do not change during the day
4. DOnly after a meal, because food is needed for absorption

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AHypovolemic shock
2. BHypoglycemia from fasting
3. CMalignant hyperthermia
4. DAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
2. BIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
3. CStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
4. DHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects

Which regimen is standard for eradicating Helicobacter pylori?

1. AAcid suppression plus at least two antibiotics, often with bismuth, for 14 days
2. BA single dose of an antibiotic given intravenously
3. CAn H2 blocker taken only when pain occurs
4. DAn antacid alone, taken after meals and at bedtime for six months

How is a patient usually positioned for a thoracentesis?

1. AFlat on the back with the legs raised
2. BProne with the arms by the sides
3. CSitting upright and leaning forward over a table
4. DLying on the affected side with the head down

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7,50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation
2. BRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
3. CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
4. DMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure

How does the nurse test the facial nerve (VII)?

1. AAsk them to raise the eyebrows, shut the eyes tightly and smile
2. BAsk the patient to stick out the tongue and move it from side to side
3. CTouch the forehead, cheek and chin with cotton wool
4. DShine a light in each eye and check the pupil response

A patient with Parkinson's disease is nil by mouth after abdominal surgery. Their levodopa is due. What is the best action?

1. AOmit the dose until the patient can swallow again
2. BGive the tablets with a sip of water anyway
3. CContact the prescriber or pharmacist about another route
4. DGive double the dose once eating restarts

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ATeaching the patient about high-output risks
2. BAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
3. CEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
4. DDeciding whether IV fluids are needed

After surgery, a patient keeps asking for analgesia before it is due, watches the clock and rates pain 8/10. What is the most appropriate interpretation?

1. AThe patient is addicted and should have analgesia withheld
2. BThe patient is exaggerating, so the pain scores should be ignored for now
3. CThe patient needs only distraction and no change in drugs
4. DPain may be undertreated; reassess and ask for a review of the plan

A woman who is not breastfeeding has painful engorged breasts on day 3. Which advice is best?

1. AApply warm showers to the breasts several times a day
2. BWear a supportive bra and use cold packs
3. CExpress milk often to relieve fullness
4. DMassage the breasts to stimulate milk flow

A woman at 8 weeks takes valproate for epilepsy. She asks whether she should stop it. Which response is best?

1. AHalve the dose herself to reduce the risk to the baby
2. BDo not stop it suddenly; arrange urgent specialist review
3. CStop the drug today because it causes birth defects
4. DContinue as usual because epilepsy drugs are all safe in pregnancy

Which nursing action is correct for a newborn receiving phototherapy?

1. AStop feeds during phototherapy so that bilirubin falls faster
2. BApply a moisturising lotion to the skin before each session to prevent drying under the lights
3. CKeep the baby fully dressed under the lights to prevent heat loss
4. DCover the eyes, expose as much skin as possible and monitor temperature and hydration

A parent asks whether giving paracetamol (acetaminophen) at the first sign of fever will prevent another febrile seizure. What is the best answer?

1. AYes, but only if a cold bath is given at the same time
2. BNo, because paracetamol can cause febrile seizures
3. CNo; it may ease discomfort but does not prevent febrile seizures
4. DYes; giving it every 4 hours during a fever will always prevent seizures

Which physical finding is common in bulimia nervosa?

1. AA high serum potassium level
2. BVery low body weight with lanugo hair
3. CSwelling of the salivary glands at the angle of the jaw
4. DRaised blood pressure, a fast pulse and a high temperature

On a mental health ward, which task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to a healthcare assistant?

1. ATeaching a patient about the side effects of lithium
2. BCarrying out the full admission suicide risk assessment of a newly admitted patient
3. CAccompanying a stable patient to the dining room and recording his food intake
4. DEvaluating whether a PRN medicine given an hour ago has worked

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Noworodek waży 5 lb 11 oz. Używając 1 lb = 16 oz i 1 kg = 2,2 lb, oblicz masę m w kilogramach. Zaokrąglij do dwóch miejsc po przecinku.

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). W czasie dyżuru pacjent przyjmuje 2 szklanek z herbata, 1 fl oz z sok, 1½ tsp z syrop na kaszel. Używając podanych odpowiedników, oblicz łączne przyjęcie doustne V w mL.

Pacjent waży 30 kg i ma zleconą jednorazową dawkę 10 mg/kg. Wyznacz dawkę D w mg.

Pacjent waży 123,2 lb. Zlecono 5 mg/kg jednorazowo, a roztwór podstawowy zawiera 50 mg w 1 mL. Przyjmując 1 kg = 2,2 lb, jaką objętość V podasz?

Zlecono wlew z szybkością 80 mL/h, ale nie ma dostępnej pompy. Wlew jest grawitacyjny przez zestaw o 15 gtt/mL. Wyznacz szybkość kapania R w kroplach na minutę.

Worek zawiera 1 g leku w 250 mL. Zlecono 1 mg na minutę. Na jaką szybkość R ustawisz pompę, w mL/h?

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Karta pokazuje płyny przyjęte i wydalone przez pacjenta podczas jednej 12-godzinnej zmiany. Pacjent waży 103 kg. Wyznacz średnią diurezę U w mL/kg/h. Zaokrąglij do dwóch miejsc po przecinku.

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Worek 500 mL jest podawany przez pompę z prędkością 50 mL/h. O 10:00 przetoczono już 250 mL. Ile godzin t zostało do opróżnienia worka? Zaokrąglij do jednego miejsca po przecinku.

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Pacjent z zadania jest oceniany w skali Morse’a: upadki w wywiadzie w ciągu ostatnich 3 miesięcy: tak; diagnoza dodatkowa: tak; pomoc w poruszaniu się: kule, laska lub chodzik; terapia dożylna lub wkłucie zamknięte: nie; chód: słaby; stan psychiczny: przecenia lub zapomina o ograniczeniach. Oblicz sumę w skali Morse’a MFS.

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Pacjent z zadania jest oceniany w skali Morse’a: upadki w wywiadzie w ciągu ostatnich 3 miesięcy: tak; diagnoza dodatkowa: tak; pomoc w poruszaniu się: brak, leżenie w łóżku lub pomoc pielęgniarki; terapia dożylna lub wkłucie zamknięte: tak; chód: słaby; stan psychiczny: przecenia lub zapomina o ograniczeniach. Używając punktów odcięcia 0–24 niskie, 25–44 umiarkowane i 45 lub więcej wysokie, kliknij poziom ryzyka upadku.

1. 1niskie ryzyko
2. 2umiarkowane ryzyko
3. 3wysokie ryzyko