Pytania ćwiczeniowe w stylu NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): zestaw na powtórkę

A catheterised patient has had no urine in the bag for two hours. What should the nurse check first?

1. ANothing, as two hours without urine is normal
2. BWhether the patient has eaten or drunk anything recently
3. CThe tubing for kinks or blockage and where the bag is
4. DThe patient's blood glucose level and recent insulin doses

Why is heat usually avoided on a fresh soft-tissue injury during the first day?

1. AIt numbs the area so the patient cannot feel pain
2. BIt widens blood vessels and can increase swelling and bleeding
3. CIt makes the muscles weaker for several weeks
4. DIt narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the injury

An older adult has trouble getting in and out of the bath. Which measures make bathing safer?

1. ABath oil to help the person slide in and out
2. BA shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
3. CLocking the bathroom door for privacy
4. DA loose rug beside the tub to stand on

While preparing a chemotherapy infusion, the drug splashes onto a nurse’s forearm. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACover the area with a dressing and report later
2. BWipe the skin with an alcohol swab and continue preparing the infusion
3. CRemove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
4. DFinish hanging the infusion and then wash the skin

An older patient with dementia is restless at night and keeps trying to get out of bed. Which measure should the nurse try first?

1. ARaise all four bed rails so the patient cannot climb out
2. BGive a sedative from the as-needed list without first assessing the patient
3. CCheck for pain, thirst or a full bladder, and offer toileting
4. DApply wrist restraints for the rest of the night

During JumpSTART triage, a child is not breathing after the airway is opened but has a palpable pulse. What is the next step?

1. AStart full CPR on the child and stay with them until more help arrives
2. BTag the child black at once and move on to the next victim
3. CGive five rescue breaths; if breathing starts, tag the child red
4. DTag the child green and return to them after the others

Which pattern is typical of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis?

1. ASudden severe headache with neck stiffness
2. BA single stroke that leaves permanent weakness
3. CAttacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
4. DConstant weakness that starts in the feet and spreads upwards after a viral illness

A nurse teaches a patient with hypertension about their medicines. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll keep taking my tablets even if I feel well."
2. B"I'll have my blood pressure checked regularly."
3. C"I'll get up slowly from sitting."
4. D"I'll stop my tablets once my readings are normal."

W jaki sposób dożylny glukonian wapnia pomaga pacjentowi z ciężką hiperkaliemią?

1. AStabilizuje błony komórek serca bez obniżania potasu
2. BWiąże potas w jelicie, aby został wydalony ze stolcem
3. CPrzesuwa potas z krwi do komórek
4. DZwiększa wydalanie potasu przez nerki

A patient with severe sepsis is oozing blood from IV sites. Platelets 40 × 10³/µL, fibrinogen low, D-dimer very high, PT and aPTT both prolonged. Which condition fits best?

1. ADisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
2. BHemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency)
3. CImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
4. DHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
2. BStraight after a large evening meal
3. CWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
4. DOnly when heartburn is severe

Morphine 4 mg IV is ordered. The ampoule contains 10 mg/mL. What volume should be drawn up?

1. A0,04 mL
2. B4 mL
3. C2,5 mL
4. D0,4 mL

Septic shock belongs to which category of shock?

1. ACardiogenic shock
2. BObstructive shock
3. CHypovolaemic shock
4. DDistributive shock

After chest trauma, a patient is hypotensive with reduced breath sounds on the left. Which finding suggests a haemothorax rather than a tension pneumothorax?

1. ADistended neck veins
2. BHyper-resonance on the affected side
3. CDullness to percussion on the affected side
4. DTrachea pushed away from the affected side

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
2. BDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
3. CRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
4. DGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids

A patient with myasthenia gravis took extra pyridostigmine doses. They now have more weakness, heavy salivation, sweating, diarrhoea, small pupils and a slow pulse. What is most likely?

1. AA cholinergic crisis from too much medication
2. BA normal response to a higher dose
3. CA myasthenic crisis from too little medication
4. DAn allergic reaction to the drug

Which treatment often relieves pain from a bone metastasis?

1. AIron supplements by mouth for several months
2. BA diet low in calcium and vitamin D
3. CComplete bed rest for a month
4. DPalliative radiotherapy to the area

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse a heat pad to speed healing
2. BApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
3. CScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
4. DReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing

Which woman on the antenatal unit should the nurse see first?

1. AAt 28 weeks: due for routine anti-D
2. BAt 30 weeks: mild ankle swelling in the evening
3. CAt 38 weeks: irregular Braxton Hicks contractions
4. DAt 34 weeks: severe headache, BP 164/110 mmHg

Kiedy w resuscytacji noworodka wskazane jest uciskanie klatki piersiowej?

1. AGdy tylko dziecko nie krzyczy po urodzeniu
2. BGdy czynność serca utrzymuje się poniżej 60/min mimo co najmniej 30 sekund skutecznej wentylacji
3. CZawsze, gdy punktacja Apgar jest poniżej 7
4. DGdy czynność serca w 1. minucie życia wynosi poniżej 120/min, jeszcze przed jakąkolwiek wentylacją

The parents of a 2-year-old worry that she eats much less than she did as a baby. She is growing along her centile. What should the nurse advise?

1. AAppetite falls as growth slows; offer small, healthy portions without pressure
2. BThis is a sign of illness and she needs blood tests
3. CGive extra bottles of milk to make up for the meals she refuses
4. DEncourage her to finish every meal, even if this takes a long time at the table

Which long-term problems should be monitored in a child with a repaired cleft palate?

1. AKidney function and blood pressure
2. BGrowth hormone levels and puberty timing
3. CMiddle ear infections, hearing, speech and teeth
4. DBone density and fracture risk in the teenage years

Which statement about benzodiazepines in anxiety disorders is correct?

1. AThey take 4–6 weeks to have any effect on anxiety, like antidepressants
2. BThey give rapid relief but are generally used only short-term because of tolerance and dependence
3. CThey are safe to stop suddenly after many months of daily use
4. DThey are the preferred long-term treatment for generalised anxiety disorder

A patient with schizophrenia reports chest pain. A colleague says, "He's always complaining. It's just anxiety." What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore the complaint until he mentions it again
2. BTell him to lie down in his room, rest and stop worrying so much about his health
3. CAgree with the colleague and give him a PRN anxiolytic
4. DAssess him physically, with vital signs and an ECG if indicated

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Obliczenie szybkości kapania daje 115,995 kropli/min. Zasada w tym ćwiczeniu mówi, że szybkość kapania zaokrągla się do pełnej kropli. Jaką wartość x zapisujesz?

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). W czasie dyżuru pacjent przyjmuje 1 tsp z syrop na kaszel, 1½ fl oz z sok, ½ tbsp z płynny suplement, ¾ szklanka z herbata. Używając podanych odpowiedników, oblicz łączne przyjęcie doustne V w mL.

Pacjent waży 70 kg. Zlecona dawka to 25 mg/kg na dobę, podzielona na 3 równe dawki. Ile miligramów D podaje się w jednej dawce?

Dziecku o masie ciała 14 kg zlecono 20 mg/kg na dawkę zawiesiny doustnej, która zawiera 40 mg w 1 mL. Jaką objętość V podasz?

Wlew kapie z szybkością 35 gtt/min przez zestaw o 20 gtt/mL. Ile mililitrów V otrzyma pacjent w ciągu 6 godzin?

Worek zawiera 400 mg leku w 100 mL i kapie z szybkością 20 mL/h. Ile miligramów na godzinę D otrzymuje pacjent?

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Karta pokazuje płyny przyjęte i wydalone przez pacjenta podczas jednej 8-godzinnej zmiany. Wlew dożylny płynął z podaną prędkością przez całą zmianę. Wyznacz bilans płynów B = przyjęte − wydalone w mL (wynik ujemny oznacza stratę netto).

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Worek 500 mL podłączono o 09:30 i jest podawany przez pompę z prędkością 100 mL/h. Ile mL V zostanie w worku o 13:00?

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Użyj tabeli NEWS2 (SpO₂ w skali 1) dla tych obserwacji: częstość oddechów 10/min, SpO₂ 99% z dodatkowym tlenem, ciśnienie tętnicze 150/90 mmHg, tętno 70/min, nowe splątanie, temperatura 37,6 °C. Jaka jest łączna suma punktów NEWS2?

Ćwiczenie (wymyślone wartości, nie stanowią wskazówek klinicznych). Dorosły waży 75 kg i ma wzrost 163 cm. Oblicz BMI i kliknij kategorię masy ciała według WHO.

1. 1niedowaga
2. 2prawidłowa masa ciała
3. 3nadwaga
4. 4otyłość I stopnia
5. 5otyłość II stopnia
6. 6otyłość III stopnia