Biologia na egzaminy wstępne na pielęgniarstwo: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which enzyme adds new nucleotides to build a new DNA strand?

1. ARNA polymerase
2. BHelicase
3. CPepsin
4. DDNA polymerase

What is the main job of the large central vacuole in a plant cell?

1. AIt stores water and keeps the cell firm
2. BIt captures light energy for photosynthesis
3. CIt copies DNA before the cell divides
4. DIt assembles proteins from amino acids

What is activation energy?

1. AThe energy needed to start a chemical reaction
2. BThe energy plants take in from sunlight
3. CThe energy stored in a molecule of ATP
4. DThe heat released when a reaction finishes

Why do chromosomes condense into short, thick shapes before mitosis?

1. ASo that they can be copied more quickly
2. BSo they can be moved apart without tangling or breaking
3. CSo that genes can be transcribed more easily
4. DSo that they can leave through the nuclear pores

Czym jest mutacja?

1. ANormalnym kopiowaniem DNA przed podziałem
2. BZmianą liczby komórek w tkance
3. CZmianą w sekwencji zasad DNA
4. DParowaniem chromosomów homologicznych

Nerve cells release chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) stored in vesicles. By which process are they released?

1. AEndocytosis
2. BOsmosis
3. CExocytosis
4. DPhagocytosis

Which evidence supports the theory that mitochondria came from bacteria that lived inside an ancient cell?

1. AThey have their own circular DNA, ribosomes and a double membrane
2. BThey make the proteins used by the whole cell, including the nucleus
3. CThey have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan
4. DThey are found in all prokaryotic cells

In Tay-Sachs disease, a lysosomal enzyme does not work. What happens inside the affected nerve cells?

1. AThe ribosomes stop making proteins
2. BThe DNA cannot be copied before division
3. CThe cells can no longer make ATP in their mitochondria
4. DThe undigested substance builds up inside lysosomes