Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which hemoglobin value in an adult man is within the typical reference range?

1. A20,5 g/dL (205 g/L)
2. B9,0 g/dL (90 g/L)
3. C15,0 g/dL (150 g/L)
4. D5,5 g/dL (55 g/L)

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. AGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
2. BRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
3. CBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite
4. DKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting

A raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is most typical of:

1. ABlocked bile flow or increased bone turnover
2. BLow production of hormone by the thyroid gland
3. CInflammation of the lining of the urinary bladder
4. DAcute damage to the heart muscle

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
2. BFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet
3. CFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
4. DFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. AMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
2. BSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
3. CSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water
4. DSalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride

Which change in clotting tests is normal in late pregnancy?

1. APlatelets rise above 600 × 10³/µL
2. BINR rises to about 3,0
3. CFibrinogen and D-dimer rise
4. DaPTT doubles from baseline

Pacjent z dożylnym wlewem insuliny ma glikemię 65 mg/dL (3,6 mmol/L). Jakie jest najlepsze działanie?

1. AKontynuować z tą samą szybkością i skontrolować za cztery godziny
2. BPostępować według protokołu dla niskiej glikemii i poinformować lekarza
3. CPodać doustnie potas, aby chronić serce
4. DZatrzymać wlew i odłożyć kontrolę glikemii do rana

A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?

1. AHold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
2. BGive half of the dose and document the reason for it
3. CGive the dose with extra oral fluids to protect the kidneys
4. DGive the dose now and recheck the levels next week