Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 3,5–5,0 mEq/L
2. BAbout 22–28 mEq/L
3. CAbout 98–106 mEq/L
4. DAbout 135–145 mEq/L

Where does most of the ammonia in the blood come from, and which organ removes it?

1. AFat breakdown in adipose tissue; removed by the lungs
2. BProtein breakdown by gut bacteria; removed by the liver
3. CRed cell breakdown in the spleen; removed by the skin
4. DGlucose breakdown in muscle; removed by the pancreas

A laboratory reports that a blood sample is "hemolyzed." What does this mean?

1. ARed cells in the sample have broken open
2. BThe sample contains too many platelets
3. CThe sample has a very low hemoglobin
4. DThe sample was taken from an artery

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
4. DImproving circulation as the fluids start to work

A patient receiving chemotherapy has an ANC of 300/µL and a new temperature of 38,3 °C (100,9 °F). What should the nurse do first?

1. AReport it at once so cultures and antibiotics start quickly
2. BGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the temperature in 4 hours
3. CRemove extra blankets and offer a tepid sponge bath
4. DEncourage oral fluids and record the fever in the chart

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe sodium can rise too quickly
2. BThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia
3. CThe sodium always falls further
4. DThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply

A healthy woman at 10 weeks of pregnancy has a slightly low TSH with a normal free T₄ and no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AShe has pituitary failure from the pregnancy
2. BThe result shows severe primary hypothyroidism
3. ChCG stimulates the thyroid in early pregnancy
4. DShe has developed Graves disease in pregnancy

Pacjent przyjmujący diuretyk tiazydowy ma sód 129 mEq/L, potas 3,2 mEq/L i czuje się osłabiony. Które wyjaśnienie pasuje najlepiej?

1. AWyniki są typowe dla niewydolności nerek
2. BPacjent ma pierwotny hiperaldosteronizm z wysokim sodem
3. CPacjent jest przewodniony wyłącznie z powodu płynów dożylnych
4. DDiuretyk powoduje utratę sodu i potasu