Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

What is a typical adult reference range for serum bicarbonate (total CO₂) on a metabolic panel?

1. AAbout 22–28 mEq/L
2. BAbout 35–45 mEq/L
3. CAbout 98–106 mEq/L
4. DAbout 8–12 mEq/L

Why is "free T₄" often measured rather than total T₄?

1. AThe free form is the form excreted in urine
2. BThe free form is the only form made by the gland
3. CThe free form is stored inside the pituitary
4. DThe free form is the unbound, active hormone

A urine dipstick is positive for leukocyte esterase. What does this show?

1. AWhite blood cells are present in the urine
2. BProtein is leaking through the glomeruli
3. CBilirubin is being passed in the urine
4. DRed blood cells are present in the urine

A patient had a right mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. Where is the best place to draw blood?

1. AThe right hand
2. BThe right arm
3. CThe left arm
4. DEither arm equally

A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
2. BSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
3. CAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
4. DStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later

A patient's potassium is 7,0 mEq/L. Which ECG change would the nurse expect?

1. ADelta waves before the QRS
2. BFlattened T waves
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DProminent U waves

Najniższe stężenie wankomycyny u pacjenta wynosi 28 mcg/mL; cel ustalony przez lekarza to 15–20 mcg/mL. Następna dawka przypada teraz. Jakie jest najlepsze działanie?

1. APodać dawkę zgodnie z planem i powtórzyć oznaczenie po tygodniu
2. BWstrzymać dawkę, poinformować lekarza i sprawdzić czynność nerek
3. CPodać podwójną dawkę, aby szybciej zakończyć leczenie
4. DPodać dawkę w krótszym czasie, aby zmniejszyć ekspozycję

A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2,3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. AImmune thrombocytopenia
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DHemophilia A