Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which laboratory test is traditionally used to adjust a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

1. AErythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
2. BPlatelet function assay (PFA-100 test)
3. CActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
4. DInternational normalized ratio (INR)

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level
2. BIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
3. CIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
4. DIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level

In the US (NCEP ATP III) classification, which LDL cholesterol level is called optimal for an adult?

1. AAbout 160–189 mg/dL (4,1–4,9 mmol/L)
2. BAbout 220–260 mg/dL (5,7–6,7 mmol/L)
3. CAbout 190 mg/dL (4,9 mmol/L) or more
4. DBelow 100 mg/dL (2,6 mmol/L)

A patient has weight loss, tremor and heat intolerance. Which thyroid test pattern fits Graves disease?

1. ALow TSH with a high free T₄
2. BHigh TSH with a low free T₄
3. CHigh TSH with a normal free T₄
4. DNormal TSH with a low free T₄

When do the blood counts usually reach their lowest point (nadir) after many standard chemotherapy regimens?

1. AAbout 6 months after treatment
2. BOn the same day as treatment
3. CWithin 1–2 hours of treatment
4. DAbout 7–14 days after treatment

A patient with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which finding best shows that the treatment is effective?

1. ASix to eight watery stools a day with dizziness
2. BNo bowel movement for 2 days and calm sleep
3. CA rising serum ammonia with a slower flapping tremor
4. DTwo to three soft stools a day and clearer thinking

Two days after bowel surgery, a patient with nasogastric suction has a distended abdomen, absent bowel sounds and muscle weakness. The potassium is 2,8 mEq/L. Which interpretation is best?

1. AHypokalemia from gastric losses is contributing to paralytic ileus
2. BHyperkalemia from tissue damage is causing the bowel to stop
3. CThe low potassium is due to the patient drinking too much water
4. DThe potassium is normal for the second day after surgery

A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3,6 fell and hit their head an hour ago. They now report a worsening headache and drowsiness. What is the priority?

1. AEncourage rest in a dark room to settle the pain
2. BReport urgently for imaging and possible reversal
3. CGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the INR tomorrow
4. DHold warfarin for one dose and observe at home