Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Neutropenię zwykle definiuje się jako bezwzględną liczbę neutrofili (ANC) poniżej około:

1. A150 × 10³/µL (150 000/mm³)
2. B5,0 × 10³/µL (5000/mm³)
3. C15 × 10³/µL (15 000/mm³)
4. D1,5 × 10³/µL (1500/mm³)

On urinalysis, dark amber urine with a high specific gravity most often suggests:

1. AConcentrated urine from low fluid intake
2. BUrine with a large amount of glucose
3. CNormal urine after drinking extra water
4. DVery dilute urine from high fluid intake

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the urinary bladder
2. BIn the ureters
3. CIn the kidney tubules
4. DIn the urethra

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
2. BThe virus has been completely cured and removed
3. CThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
4. DThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2,1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
2. BGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
3. COrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth
4. DA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
2. BMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
3. CSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
4. DSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water

During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops a rising end-tidal CO₂, muscle rigidity and tachycardia, then a high potassium and a rising temperature. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute hemolytic transfusion reaction
2. BHypovolemic shock
3. CMalignant hyperthermia
4. DHypoglycemia from fasting

A patient's potassium is 7,2 mEq/L, and the monitor shows wide QRS complexes. Several treatments are prescribed. Which should be given first?

1. AIV furosemide (a loop diuretic)
2. BUrgent hemodialysis session
3. CAn oral potassium binder dose
4. DIV calcium gluconate (or chloride)