Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Który objaw jest typowy dla wysokiego stężenia magnezu w surowicy?

1. ASkurcz nadgarstka po napompowaniu mankietu
2. BOsłabione lub zniesione głębokie odruchy ścięgniste
3. CSilna potrzeba picia wody
4. DWygórowane odruchy i drganie mięśni

Co przede wszystkim wskazuje dodatni wynik testu na ketony we krwi lub w moczu?

1. ANerki tracą białko z moczem
2. BWątroba wytwarza zbyt dużo bilirubiny
3. CPacjent ma zakażenie układu moczowego
4. DOrganizm spala tłuszcze jako paliwo, jak w niedoborze insuliny lub głodzeniu

Why is prealbumin (transthyretin) sometimes used to follow a patient's nutritional status instead of albumin?

1. AIt is not affected by inflammation or liver disease
2. BIt has a long half-life, so it changes over months
3. CIt has a short half-life, so it changes within days
4. DIt is measured in urine, so no blood test is needed

Two sets of blood cultures are ordered for a patient with suspected sepsis. How are they best collected?

1. AAfter the first antibiotic dose, so the infusion is not delayed
2. BFrom the existing IV line while the infusion continues to run
3. CBoth from the same site, one minute apart, to save time for the patient
4. DFrom two separate venipuncture sites, using strict aseptic technique

Which instruction is correct for a patient taking an oral potassium chloride supplement?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach with only a small sip of water to speed absorption
2. BCrush the extended-release tablets and mix them with a little water if needed
3. CTake it with food and a full glass of water, and do not crush extended-release tablets
4. DUse a salt substitute as well, so less of the tablet is needed each day

A patient has a hot, swollen big toe. The serum uric acid is normal. Which statement is correct?

1. AGout is certain, as a normal urate proves the diagnosis
2. BGout can only be diagnosed with a CT scan of the foot
3. CGout is ruled out, as uric acid is always high in an attack
4. DGout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack

Two weeks after a sore throat, a child develops dark (cola-colored) urine, puffy eyes and high blood pressure. Urinalysis shows red cell casts and protein. Which condition is most likely?

1. APost-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
2. BLower urinary tract infection (cystitis)
3. CPrerenal acute kidney injury
4. DKidney stone in the ureter

Three days after starting haloperidol, a patient has a temperature of 40 °C, severe muscle rigidity and confusion. Which laboratory result would the nurse expect?

1. AA very high serum lithium
2. BA very low white cell count
3. CA very high creatine kinase (CK)
4. DA very low serum sodium