Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

How does active vitamin D (calcitriol) affect calcium?

1. AIt moves calcium out of the blood into cells
2. BIt increases calcium absorption from the gut
3. CIt increases calcium loss in the urine
4. DIt blocks calcium absorption from the gut

Which body system shows the main symptoms of a low serum sodium?

1. AThe nervous system
2. BThe skeleton
3. CThe skin and hair
4. DThe eyes only

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

1. ASerum is what is left after blood clots, minus clotting factors
2. BSerum and plasma are two names for exactly the same fluid
3. CPlasma is the fluid left after blood clots, without fibrinogen
4. DSerum contains all the red cells, while plasma contains none

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a magnesium of 3,8 mEq/L (1,9 mmol/L). Which product is the most likely cause?

1. AMagnesium-containing laxatives or antacids
2. BExcess alcohol use over many years
3. CProton pump inhibitors taken long term
4. DLoop diuretics such as furosemide

A patient without symptoms has a fasting plasma glucose of 132 mg/dL (7,3 mmol/L) on Monday and 138 mg/dL (7,7 mmol/L) on Thursday. What does this show?

1. AThe results meet the criteria for diabetes
2. BThe results show reactive hypoglycemia
3. CThe results show prediabetes only
4. DThe results are within the normal fasting range

After surgery for colon cancer, a patient's CEA had fallen to normal, but it has been rising over the last two checks. What does this most likely suggest?

1. AA sure sign that the cancer has been fully cured
2. BPossible recurrence that needs further assessment
3. CA normal change after surgery that needs no follow-up
4. DA sign of iron deficiency from the earlier bleeding

Niedożywiony pacjent zaczyna znów jeść i w 3. dobie ma fosforany 1,2 mg/dL (0,39 mmol/L) z osłabieniem mięśni i dusznością. Jakie jest główne ryzyko?

1. AHiperkaliemia wywołana uwalnianiem potasu z komórek
2. BKamienie nerkowe z powodu wapnia uwalnianego z kości
3. CSzybki przyrost masy ciała, ale bez poważnego zagrożenia
4. DOsłabienie mięśni oddechowych i niewydolność serca z powodu niskich fosforanów

A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2,3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. AImmune thrombocytopenia
2. BHemophilia A
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DVitamin K deficiency