Wartości laboratoryjne i elektrolity: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which condition commonly causes a high serum potassium?

1. ALoop diuretic use
2. BKidney failure
3. CSevere diarrhea
4. DRepeated vomiting

What is the main effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the kidneys?

1. AMore water is excreted, so the urine becomes dilute
2. BMore water is reabsorbed, so urine is concentrated
3. CMore potassium is reabsorbed, so the serum potassium rises
4. DMore glucose is excreted, so the urine contains sugar

The HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose over about which period?

1. AThe past 1–2 weeks
2. BThe past 24 hours
3. CThe past 1–2 years
4. DThe past 2–3 months

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
2. BFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet
3. CFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
4. DFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues

A 55-year-old has a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) during routine screening. What is the usual next step?

1. AReferral for colonoscopy
2. BRepeat the test in 10 years
3. CNo action if there are no symptoms
4. DStart an iron supplement only

A patient has burning on urination and frequency. The dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and a urine culture is ordered. When should the sample be taken?

1. AAt any time, as antibiotics do not matter
2. BAfter the symptoms have fully settled
3. CAfter 3 days of antibiotic treatment
4. DBefore the first dose of antibiotic

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. APlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
2. BFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron
3. CHemoglobin 9,6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
4. DHemoglobin 6,4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min

A patient receiving chemotherapy has a white cell count of 1,8 × 10³/µL with 20% neutrophils and 5% bands. What is the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

1. A4,500/µL
2. B450/µL
3. C1,800/µL
4. D360/µL