Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: układ krążenia i oddechowy: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Co mierzy przepływomierz szczytowy (peak flow)?

1. ANajwiększą prędkość, z jaką osoba może wydmuchnąć powietrze
2. BCałkowitą objętość powietrza, jaką mogą pomieścić płuca
3. CLiczbę oddechów osoby na minutę
4. DWysycenie krwi tlenem

What is atelectasis?

1. AInfection of the lung tissue causing the alveoli to fill with pus
2. BFluid in the space around the lung
3. CCollapse of part of the lung so the alveoli contain no air
4. DNarrowing of the airways caused by spasm of smooth muscle

Która grupa objawów sugeruje retencję dwutlenku węgla (hiperkapnię)?

1. AMrowienie palców i warg po okresie szybkiego oddychania
2. BPunktowe źrenice i bardzo wolna czynność serca
3. CBlada, zimna, wilgotna skóra i słabe, nitkowate tętno
4. DSenność, ból głowy, zaczerwieniona skóra i bardzo silne tętno

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
2. BIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries
3. CIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
4. DIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
2. BAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
3. CTake an extra dose if the ankles swell
4. DKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. AComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month
2. BStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
3. CSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
4. DWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless

The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?

1. ARecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
2. BReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
3. CDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
4. DStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline

A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?

1. AA lumbar puncture
2. BA 12-lead ECG
3. CAn abdominal ultrasound
4. DSpirometry