Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: układ krążenia i oddechowy: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of sodium in the blood
2. BA high level of fluid in the tissues
3. CA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
4. DA reduced volume of blood in the circulation

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe sac that surrounds the heart
2. BThe heart muscle itself
3. CThe coronary arteries
4. DThe inner lining of the heart chambers

What is atelectasis?

1. AInfection of the lung tissue causing the alveoli to fill with pus
2. BNarrowing of the airways caused by spasm of smooth muscle
3. CFluid in the space around the lung
4. DCollapse of part of the lung so the alveoli contain no air

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h
2. BBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
3. CNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring
4. DHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA single sample after the first week of treatment
2. BSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum
3. COne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day
4. DA swab from the nose only

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass I
2. BClass II
3. CClass IV
4. DClass III

A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?

1. AUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
2. BTake two pills a day to make up for the drug
3. CStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur
4. DContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AAsthma triggered by the infection
2. BA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
3. CNormal recovery from pneumonia
4. DAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic