Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: układ krążenia i oddechowy: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which definition best describes heart failure?

1. AThe heart has completely stopped beating and there is no pulse
2. BA coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a clot
3. CThe heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
4. DThe heart beats faster than 150 beats per minute for over an hour

What is an embolus?

1. AA clot or other mass that travels in the blood and lodges elsewhere
2. BA narrowing of an artery caused by a build-up of fatty plaque
3. CA bulge in the weakened wall of an artery that may rupture
4. DA clot that stays fixed in the vessel where it first formed

Where does the trachea divide into the right and left main bronchi?

1. AAt the carina
2. BAt the epiglottis
3. CAt the alveoli
4. DAt the larynx

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. AProne with the head down
2. BFlat on the back with no pillows
3. CLying on the right side, with the affected lung down
4. DLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down

Why must inspired air be humidified for a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AHumidification prevents the cuff from deflating
2. BThe nose and upper airway, which warm and moisten air, are bypassed
3. CDry air is needed to stop secretions forming in the trachea
4. DHumidified air contains more oxygen than dry air at the same flow

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APneumothorax
2. BPulmonary oedema
3. CPericarditis
4. DAsthma

A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?

1. AA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
2. BEncouraging long walks to build fitness
3. CHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is
4. DStopping all medicines, including inhalers

Four surgical patients need VTE prevention. For which patient is mechanical prophylaxis alone most appropriate?

1. AA patient after an uncomplicated knee replacement
2. BA patient who had a brain haemorrhage two days ago
3. CA patient with cancer having bowel surgery
4. DAn obese patient after hip surgery