Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: układ krążenia i oddechowy: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

How does montelukast work in asthma?

1. AIt kills bacteria in the bronchi
2. BIt blocks leukotriene receptors in the airways
3. CIt stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways
4. DIt thins mucus by breaking down DNA

What is the classic clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

1. AA single episode of coughing up blood after a chest infection
2. BA cough with sputum most days for 3 months in 2 years running
3. CA dry cough lasting about one week after a common cold
4. DWheeze and chest tightness that occur only during exercise

What is pitting oedema?

1. ASwelling that is hard and does not dent at all when pressed
2. BSwelling that keeps a dent for a while after firm pressure
3. CRedness of the skin that turns white when it is pressed
4. DA small sore that forms on the shin

A patient with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator asks what to do if it fires. Which teaching is correct?

1. AOne shock and well: contact the device clinic; repeated shocks or unwell: call emergency services
2. BIgnore any shock at all, because the device is designed to fire every day and needs no follow-up
3. CDrive straight to hospital alone after any shock so the device can be checked by the team
4. DRemove the device battery at home if it fires more than once

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent orange discolouration of urine
2. BTo prevent loss of colour vision
3. CTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
4. DTo prevent gout attacks

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA cold, white foot with no pulse
2. BBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
3. CA sharply defined red patch with fever
4. DPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough
2. BWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing
3. CStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
4. DKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles

After a car crash, a patient is severely breathless with absent breath sounds on the right, a deviated trachea, distended neck veins and BP 76/40 mmHg. What is the immediate management?

1. AInsertion of a urinary catheter to monitor output
2. BLying the patient flat with the legs raised
3. CUrgent needle or finger decompression of the right chest
4. DA chest X-ray to confirm the diagnosis before any treatment