Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: przewód pokarmowy, okres okołooperacyjny i onkologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

In widely used guidelines, which core temperature defines perioperative hypothermia?

1. ABelow 37,5 °C
2. BBelow 36,0 °C
3. CBelow 38,0 °C
4. DBelow 32,0 °C

What is lymphoedema?

1. ASwelling from a broken bone in the arm
2. BInflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck and armpits from a virus
3. CSwelling from poor lymph drainage, for example after node removal
4. DFluid in the lungs from heart failure

What is an incisional hernia?

1. AA bulge through a weakened surgical scar
2. BA pouch in the wall of the colon
3. CA bulge of stomach through the diaphragm
4. DA swelling in the groin present from birth

Dlaczego u pacjenta z krwawieniem z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego stężenie mocznika może rosnąć znacznie bardziej niż kreatyniny?

1. AStrawiona krew stanowi obciążenie białkiem, które podnosi stężenie mocznika
2. BKreatynina jest tracona z organizmu z wymiocinami
3. CKrwawienie zawsze bezpośrednio uszkadza kanaliki nerkowe
4. DMocznik jest wytwarzany przez krwawiącą błonę śluzową żołądka

Why is IV albumin often given after a large-volume paracentesis?

1. ATo replace the clotting factors and platelets lost in the drained fluid
2. BTo prevent low blood pressure and kidney injury from fluid shifts
3. CTo treat infection in the ascitic fluid
4. DTo raise the blood glucose after the procedure

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
2. BThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
3. CThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
4. DVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery

A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour
2. BRecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
3. CBook a routine endoscopy for later in the week
4. DAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals

A nurse teaches a patient after a laparoscopic fundoplication for reflux. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Fizzy drinks will help me bring up wind after meals."
2. B"I'll eat soft, moist food at first and chew it well."
3. C"Some difficulty swallowing can happen in the early weeks."
4. D"I should eat smaller meals for a while after the operation."