Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: przewód pokarmowy, okres okołooperacyjny i onkologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. AHair loss from the scalp
2. BDiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
3. CCough and breathlessness
4. DDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards

Which finding is typical of a perforated peptic ulcer?

1. AA soft, non-tender abdomen with loud, frequent bowel sounds
2. BSlow onset of mild pain relieved fully by eating
3. CPainless bright red bleeding from the rectum over several days
4. DSudden severe abdominal pain with a rigid, board-like abdomen

What is the main aim of palliative care?

1. ACuring the disease at any cost, whatever the side effects
2. BImproving quality of life for people with serious illness
3. COnly providing care in the last hour of life
4. DReplacing all other medical treatment

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
2. BTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
3. CTo check that the patient is still hungry
4. DTo remove any feed left in the stomach

Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?

1. AThe air always makes the tube block
2. BThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
3. CIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
4. DAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung

Why do patients usually have a dental review before radiotherapy to the head and neck?

1. AIt causes dry mouth and raises the risk of decay and jaw damage
2. BRadiotherapy can only be given once all the teeth have been removed
3. CThe dentist gives the radiotherapy
4. DTeeth block the radiation beam completely

A patient with active cancer on chemotherapy develops new swelling and pain in one calf. Why must this be reported promptly?

1. ACancer and its treatment greatly increase clot risk
2. BIt is only a muscle strain from walking
3. CCalf swelling is a normal effect of chemotherapy
4. DThe swelling shows the cancer has gone

Pacjent z cewnikiem zewnątrzoponowym po operacji jamy brzusznej ma ciśnienie 82/48 mmHg, tętno 70/min i ciepłe stopy. Krwawienie wykluczono. Jaka jest najbardziej prawdopodobna przyczyna?

1. AWstrząs kardiogenny po operacji
2. BWstrząs hipowolemiczny z utraty krwi
3. CAnafilaksja na środek znieczulenia miejscowego
4. DBlokada współczulna z powodu znieczulenia zewnątrzoponowego