Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which HbA1c result is commonly used as the threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

1. A75 mmol/mol (9,0%) or higher
2. B30 mmol/mol (4,9%) or higher
3. C48 mmol/mol (6,5%) or higher
4. D38 mmol/mol (5,6%) or higher

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
2. BAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
3. CA kidney stone passed the week before
4. DA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier

Jaki poziom glukozy we krwi powszechnie przyjmuje się za definicję hipoglikemii u osoby z cukrzycą?

1. APoniżej 4,0 mmol/L (około 70 mg/dL)
2. BPoniżej 1,0 mmol/L (około 18 mg/dL)
3. CPoniżej 10 mmol/L (około 180 mg/dL)
4. DPoniżej 7,0 mmol/L (około 126 mg/dL)

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
2. BThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
3. CThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible
4. DThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. AThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours
2. BThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
3. CPhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
4. DPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
2. BParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
3. CLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
4. DWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs

Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced
2. BThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
3. CThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
4. DA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed

A patient is being assessed for brain death (brainstem death). Which condition must be excluded before testing?

1. AA haemoglobin of 110 g/L (11 g/dL)
2. BEffects of sedative drugs or severe hypothermia
3. CA previous episode of migraine
4. DA history of high blood pressure