Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

How is the pain of renal colic typically described?

1. ABurning pain in the chest after meals
2. BA dull ache in the lower back after lifting
3. CSevere pain that comes in waves from the loin to the groin
4. DPain in the right lower abdomen that started near the navel

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards
2. BCollect the very first drops into the container
3. CCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle
4. DLet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle

Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?

1. ATo stop the insulin from spreading to other organs
2. BTo prevent fatty lumps that absorb insulin unevenly
3. CTo make the insulin work faster each time
4. DTo avoid building up an immune response to the insulin

Podczas leczenia DKA glikemia spada poniżej około 14 mmol/L (około 250 mg/dL), ale ketony nadal są podwyższone. Co zwykle się dzieje?

1. APacjent zjada posiłek, a leczenie dożylne się kończy
2. BWszystkie płyny dożylne zostają zatrzymane, aby uniknąć przeciążenia płynami
3. CWlew insuliny zostaje natychmiast zatrzymany
4. DDo płynów dodaje się glukozę; insulina jest kontynuowana

Before checking a capillary glucose, why should the patient wash their hands with soap and water?

1. ASoap makes the blood flow faster from the finger
2. BWashing lowers the glucose in the blood
3. CSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
4. DWashing prevents all infection from the lancet

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut
2. BIt removes potassium through the kidneys
3. CIt moves potassium into the cells
4. DIt protects the heart from arrhythmias

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
2. BVomiting proves that rejection has already happened
3. CThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
4. DThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1,8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephritic syndrome
2. BA urethral stricture
3. CNephrotic syndrome
4. DAcute pyelonephritis