Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which side effect is linked to SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?

1. AHair loss
2. BGenital fungal infections
3. COvergrowth of the gums
4. DOrange urine

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. AAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle
2. BLoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord
3. CToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia
4. DLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra

Which symptom is the classic warning sign of bladder cancer?

1. ABurning pain on passing urine
2. BLeaking urine when coughing
3. CPainless visible blood in the urine
4. DSevere loin pain that comes in waves

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
2. BUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
3. CDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
4. DIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. ARaise the arm and let it bleed freely
2. BPress firmly on the site with clean gauze
3. CApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
4. DWait for the next dialysis session

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA sign that the dose is too low
2. BDehydration from drinking too little
3. CA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
4. DLiver toxicity from valproate

Pacjent po udarze z osłabieniem prawostronnym jest gotowy do przeniesienia z łóżka na fotel. Które podejście jest najbezpieczniejsze?

1. APodciągnąć pacjenta za prawe ramię i nadgarstek
2. BUstawić fotel po prawej stronie i podnosić za słabą rękę
3. CUstawić fotel po lewej stronie i obrócić się w jego kierunku
4. DPoprosić pacjenta, by sam wstał i podszedł do fotela

A patient had rapid-acting insulin before lunch, then vomited the meal 15 minutes later. What should the nurse do?

1. AMonitor glucose closely and tell the prescriber about the hypo risk
2. BGive another insulin dose because the meal was lost
3. CIgnore it, because vomiting raises blood glucose
4. DGive the evening long-acting insulin early to balance it