Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. ATaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril
2. BTaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
3. CAddison's disease
4. DAdvanced chronic kidney disease

Why is dexamethasone often given to patients with a brain tumour?

1. ATo reduce swelling around the tumour
2. BTo raise the blood pressure
3. CTo prevent infection after a biopsy
4. DTo kill the tumour cells directly

Jaki jest główny wynik badań laboratoryjnych w SIADH (zespole nieadekwatnego wydzielania ADH)?

1. AWysoka glikemia z powodu insulinooporności
2. BNiskie stężenie wapnia w surowicy z powodu strat nerkowych
3. CNiskie stężenie sodu w surowicy z powodu zatrzymania wody
4. DWysokie stężenie sodu w surowicy z powodu utraty wody

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. ADark yellow urine and thirst
2. BA weight loss of 1 kg (2,2 lb) after a hot day
3. CA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
4. DA weight gain of 2 kg (4,4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ACut all calcium out of the diet
2. BDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
3. CTake extra vitamin C supplements
4. DDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. ACarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
2. BCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
3. CPropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
4. DPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug

A patient on insulin has worsening chronic kidney disease and is having more hypos. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe kidneys clear less insulin, so it lasts longer
2. BKidney disease makes the meter read too low
3. CKidney disease makes the body resistant to insulin
4. DThe patient is eating far more carbohydrate than before

A patient with nephrotic syndrome suddenly has loin pain, blood in the urine and a rise in creatinine. What is a likely cause?

1. AA simple bladder infection
2. BRenal vein thrombosis
3. CNormal fluctuation in the disease
4. DToo much dietary protein