Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Why can a new arteriovenous fistula not be used straight away?

1. AThe artery must first grow back to its full size
2. BThe vein needs weeks to enlarge and thicken
3. CThe stitches must be removed first
4. DThe arm must be in plaster for a month

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
3. CIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
2. BInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
3. CEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
4. DAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
2. BThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
3. CThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
4. DThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
2. BShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
3. CThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
4. DThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
2. BUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
3. CAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable
4. DInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed

Pacjent dializowany otrzewnowo zauważa, że odpływa mniej płynu, niż wlano. Od czterech dni nie miał wypróżnienia, a odpływający płyn jest przejrzysty. Jaka jest najbardziej prawdopodobna przyczyna?

1. AZbyt zimny dializat
2. BPrawidłowe wchłanianie, niewymagające działania
3. CBakteryjne zapalenie otrzewnej
4. DZaparcie utrudniające odpływ

A patient has frothy urine and marked leg swelling. Serum albumin is 18 g/L (1,8 g/dL), and BP is normal. The urine shows heavy protein but little blood. What is most likely?

1. ANephritic syndrome
2. BAcute pyelonephritis
3. CNephrotic syndrome
4. DA urethral stricture