Choroby wewnętrzne i chirurgiczne: neurologia, endokrynologia i nerki: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Jaki płyn zwykle podaje się jako pierwszy w cukrzycowej kwasicy ketonowej?

1. ADożylnie 50% roztwór glukozy
2. BDoustnie słodkie napoje i wodę
3. CDożylnie jałową wodę do wstrzykiwań
4. DDożylnie 0,9% chlorek sodu

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey replace insulin that the body lacks
2. BThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
3. CThey make the pancreas release more insulin
4. DThey slow down the absorption of food

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. ADrinking a lot of water
2. BA diet high in fruit
3. CFrequent urinary infections in childhood
4. DSmoking

For which patient would the nurse question an order for pioglitazone?

1. AA patient with asthma
2. BA patient with an allergy to latex
3. CA patient with hypothyroidism
4. DA patient with heart failure

Które kryterium ostrego uszkodzenia nerek (KDIGO) dotyczy diurezy?

1. APoniżej 0,5 mL/kg/h przez 6 godzin lub dłużej
2. BPoniżej 1 L w ciągu 24 godzin niezależnie od podaży
3. CJakakolwiek zmiana barwy moczu
4. DPoniżej 2 mL/kg/h przez 1 godzinę

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
2. BStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy
3. CStop it if the urine stream improves
4. DTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better

A patient on levothyroxine has palpitations, weight loss and poor sleep. TSH is suppressed, and free T4 is high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe thyroid has stopped working
2. BThe dose is too low
3. CA normal response to the drug
4. DThe dose is too high

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium
3. CCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
4. DCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect