Pielęgniarstwo pediatryczne: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Why are infants and young children more likely than adults to get middle ear infections (otitis media)?

1. ATheir Eustachian tubes are shorter, wider and more horizontal
2. BTheir ear canals are longer and narrower than those of adults
3. CTheir eardrums are thicker and cannot move with pressure changes
4. DThey make more earwax, which traps bacteria in the middle ear

How does respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mainly spread?

1. AThrough droplets and contaminated hands and surfaces
2. BThrough the bites of insects such as mosquitoes
3. CThrough contaminated food and drinking water
4. DOnly through the air over long distances, like measles

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes in children?

1. AToo much insulin being produced by an overactive pancreas
2. BAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells
3. CA lack of glucagon from the alpha cells of the pancreas
4. DInsulin resistance caused mainly by obesity and inactivity

How are feeds usually restarted after a pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis?

1. AWithin hours, increasing gradually as per protocol; some vomiting can be expected
2. BOnly by nasogastric tube for the first month at home
3. CWith large, full-volume feeds straight away to make up for the weight lost
4. DNot until 10 days after surgery, when the wound has healed

Which presentation is typical of coeliac disease in a toddler some months after cereals are introduced?

1. AHigh fever with a stiff neck and a purple rash
2. BEpisodes of crying with red-currant jelly stools
3. CChronic diarrhoea, a swollen abdomen, irritability and poor weight gain
4. DSudden projectile vomiting with a palpable olive-shaped mass

How should an infant with heart failure be fed?

1. ASmall, frequent feeds with rest breaks, using higher-energy milk if prescribed
2. BLarge feeds every 6 hours so the baby can rest in between
3. CLying flat on the back so the baby does not need to hold the head up
4. DStop the feed when the baby tires and wait until the next scheduled feed

A child with nephrotic syndrome develops a painful, swollen leg. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA muscle strain from walking
2. BDeep vein thrombosis
3. CAn allergic reaction to steroids
4. DOrdinary oedema from the illness

A child treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Kawasaki disease is due her MMR vaccine next week. What should the nurse know?

1. AIVIG makes vaccines unnecessary, so MMR can be skipped
2. BLive vaccines are usually delayed for several months after IVIG
3. CMMR can be given safely the same day as the next IVIG dose
4. DMMR should be given early, because IVIG weakens the immune system