Pielęgniarstwo pediatryczne: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

For which child is a 0 to 10 numerical pain rating scale usually suitable?

1. AA newborn after a heel prick
2. BA 3-year-old who cannot yet count
3. CA child of about 8 years or older
4. DA 2-year-old with a recent fracture

What happens in the rooting reflex of a newborn?

1. AWhen the sole is stroked, the toes fan out
2. BWhen the palm is touched, the baby grasps the finger tightly and holds on
3. CWhen the cheek is stroked, the baby turns towards the touch and opens the mouth
4. DWhen the baby is startled, the arms fling outwards and then come together

Why are undescended testes (cryptorchidism) corrected surgically in early childhood?

1. ABecause an undescended testis leads to kidney failure if left untreated
2. BBecause an undescended testis causes severe daily pain in infancy
3. CTo stop the testis from producing too much testosterone in puberty
4. DTo protect fertility and allow the testis to be checked for cancer

Which signs suggest hypoglycaemia in a young child with diabetes?

1. AThirst, passing large amounts of urine and a fruity breath smell
2. BDeep, rapid breathing with abdominal pain and vomiting
3. CA slow onset of dry skin and flushed cheeks over several days
4. DShakiness, sweating, pallor and a sudden change in behaviour

A newborn is still wet a few minutes after birth. Which heat-loss mechanism is the main concern, and how is it prevented?

1. AConduction; place the baby on a cold firm surface
2. BConvection; leave the baby uncovered in a draught
3. CEvaporation; dry the baby straight away, including the head
4. DRadiation; move the cot close to an outside window

What should the nurse do before giving a dose of digoxin to an infant?

1. ACount the apical pulse for a full minute and check it against the prescribed limits
2. BMeasure the temperature and give the dose only if there is no fever
3. CMeasure the blood pressure and give the dose only if it is above the normal range
4. DCount the radial pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by four

A family with a 2-year-old has a swimming pool in the garden. Which measure gives the most protection against drowning?

1. ASwimming lessons from age 2, so that close supervision is no longer needed
2. BExplaining to the child that the pool is dangerous
3. CA four-sided fence with a self-closing, self-latching gate, plus constant supervision
4. DArm floats whenever the child is near the pool

A child with cyanotic heart disease and polycythaemia has a fever and vomiting. Why is dehydration especially dangerous?

1. AIt lowers the red cell count and causes severe anaemia
2. BIt causes the heart defect to close on its own
3. CIt leads to fluid overload and pulmonary oedema as the kidneys hold on to water
4. DIt makes the blood even thicker and raises the risk of stroke and thrombosis