Farmakologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?

1. AHerd immunity
2. BInnate immunity
3. CActive immunity
4. DPassive immunity

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. ACataracts that form within a few days of starting
2. BBleeding in the back of the eye
3. CPermanent dilation of the pupils
4. DOptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness

Montelukast, used in asthma, belongs to which drug class?

1. AAntimuscarinic bronchodilators
2. BLeukotriene receptor antagonists
3. CShort-acting beta-2 agonists
4. DInhaled corticosteroids

Which early signs suggest systemic toxicity from a local anaesthetic?

1. ANumbness around the mouth, metallic taste and tinnitus
2. BHeavy sweating, salivation and diarrhoea
3. CItchy rash and swelling only at the injection site
4. DPinpoint pupils and slow, shallow breathing

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

1. AAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer
2. BAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
3. COnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level
4. DOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive

Apiksaban i rywaroksaban to leki przeciwkrzepliwe, które bezpośrednio hamują:

1. ATrombinę
2. BCzynnik Xa
3. CPłytkowy receptor P2Y12
4. DReduktazę epoksydu witaminy K

A nurse gave a patient ten times the prescribed dose of hydromorphone. The patient is currently alert. What is the most appropriate sequence of actions?

1. AGive another dose later to balance it out
2. BChange the chart so that it shows the correct dose, and continue to monitor
3. CMonitor closely, have naloxone ready, inform the prescriber and report
4. DSay nothing because the patient is alert

A patient with heart failure on furosemide is also given metolazone, a thiazide-like diuretic. Which risk increases most?

1. AHypoglycaemia and weight gain
2. BSevere hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration
3. CHyperkalaemia and fluid overload
4. DSevere hypertension, tachycardia and fluid retention