Farmakologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Varenicline helps people stop smoking because it:

1. AIs a form of nicotine absorbed slowly through the skin
2. BIs a nicotinic partial agonist that reduces craving and reward
3. CMakes cigarettes taste bitter
4. DBlocks dopamine receptors in the brain completely

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
2. BIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
3. CIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut
4. DIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain

Dlaczego niektórym osobom z chorobą serca podaje się kwas acetylosalicylowy w małej dawce?

1. AAby zmniejszyć agregację płytek i zapobiegać zakrzepom
2. BAby zwolnić częstość akcji serca
3. CAby natychmiast złagodzić ból w klatce piersiowej
4. DAby obniżyć stężenie cholesterolu we krwi i ustabilizować blaszki miażdżycowe

Which adverse effect is a well-known risk of zidovudine?

1. ABone marrow suppression, especially anaemia
2. BGum overgrowth
3. COrange-red colouring of the urine and tears
4. DRed–green colour blindness

Wankomycynę dożylnie stosuje się często w leczeniu zakażeń wywołanych przez:

1. AEscherichia coli
2. BCandida albicans
3. CMRSA
4. DPseudomonas aeruginosa

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
2. BVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
3. CFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
4. DVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. AInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
2. BInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
3. CLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
4. DPotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned

During an alteplase infusion for acute ischaemic stroke, the patient develops a sudden severe headache and her level of consciousness falls. What is the nurse's first action?

1. ASlow the infusion to half the rate and recheck in 30 minutes
2. BGive a bolus of heparin to prevent a new clot
3. CGive paracetamol for the headache and continue the infusion
4. DStop the alteplase infusion and notify the provider urgently