Farmakologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which herbal product is commonly taken for sleep and can add to the effect of sedatives?

1. AGinger
2. BCranberry
3. CValerian
4. DPeppermint

Dlaczego insulinę podaje się we wstrzyknięciu, a nie w tabletce?

1. AJest białkiem, które zostałoby strawione w przewodzie pokarmowym
2. BDziała tylko wtedy, gdy trafi bezpośrednio do mięśni szkieletowych
3. CJest zbyt toksyczna dla błony śluzowej żołądka
4. DTabletki uwalniałyby ją zbyt wolno

How does allopurinol prevent gout?

1. AIt increases the kidney excretion of calcium
2. BIt dissolves crystals already in the joint within hours
3. CIt inhibits xanthine oxidase, so less uric acid is made
4. DIt blocks prostaglandins in the inflamed joint

Which signs suggest early lithium toxicity?

1. APinpoint pupils and slow breathing
2. BVery high blood pressure and a severe headache
3. CHair loss and dark urine only
4. DDiarrhoea, vomiting, coarse tremor and drowsiness

Which rule applies when giving phenytoin intravenously?

1. AMix or flush it only with normal saline and give it slowly
2. BGive it in the same line as other drugs without flushing
3. CMix it with glucose 5% to prevent low blood sugar
4. DGive it as a rapid push to stop seizures faster

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
2. BAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
3. CA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
4. DA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose

Why is vincristine labelled "for intravenous use only – fatal if given by other routes"?

1. AAccidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
2. BOral vincristine causes immediate anaphylaxis
3. CIntramuscular injection causes severe and prolonged hypoglycaemia
4. DSubcutaneous injection makes the drug inactive

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis takes oral propranolol, a drug with a high first-pass metabolism. What effect is expected?

1. AMore drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed
2. BThe drug is excreted faster by the kidney, so it works for a shorter time
3. CLess drug is absorbed from the gut, so a higher dose is needed
4. DThe first-pass effect increases, so the drug becomes inactive