Farmakologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Nicotine replacement therapy is used to:

1. ABlock nicotine receptors completely
2. BRepair the lung damage caused by years of smoking
3. CMake cigarettes taste unpleasant
4. DReduce withdrawal and cravings when stopping smoking

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used mainly to:

1. ARaise serum potassium
2. BPrevent blood clots
3. CTreat high blood pressure long term
4. DReduce raised intracranial pressure

Which herbal product is commonly taken for sleep and can add to the effect of sedatives?

1. APeppermint
2. BValerian
3. CGinger
4. DCranberry

Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?

1. ADiarrhoea, frequent urination and sweating
2. BHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
3. CBronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes
4. DDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
2. BGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
3. CGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
4. DGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working

How should a hyoscine (scopolamine) patch for motion sickness be used?

1. AApply it behind the ear several hours before travel
2. BCut it in half for children without advice
3. CApply it to the chest only after the vomiting has started
4. DSwallow it if no water is available

A patient is switched from oral to intravenous morphine. Why is the IV dose lower than the oral dose?

1. AIV morphine is excreted much more slowly by the kidney than oral morphine
2. BThe oral route causes tolerance faster than the IV route
3. CIV morphine is a stronger chemical form of the drug
4. DOral morphine has a large first-pass effect, so less reaches the blood

A patient took a doxycycline tablet with a sip of water just before lying down. Now swallowing is very painful. What is the most likely cause?

1. AGastric ulcer caused by doxycycline
2. BOral candidiasis from the antibiotic
3. CPill-induced oesophagitis
4. DAn allergic reaction to the tablet coating