Farmakologia: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
2. BThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord
3. CThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
4. DThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes

Alendronate, used for osteoporosis, belongs to which class?

1. ACorticosteroids
2. BBisphosphonates
3. CCalcium channel blockers
4. DThyroid hormones

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. AOptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
2. BBleeding in the back of the eye
3. CPermanent dilation of the pupils
4. DCataracts that form within a few days of starting

Które poważne, ale rzadkie działanie niepożądane statyn pacjenci powinni natychmiast zgłaszać?

1. AMetaliczny smak w ustach
2. BSuchy kaszel
3. CNiewyjaśniony ból lub osłabienie mięśni
4. DObrzęk kostek

Methylergometrine (methylergonovine) is prescribed for postpartum bleeding. Which finding would make the nurse withhold it and check with the prescriber?

1. AHeart rate of 88 per minute
2. BHaemoglobin slightly below normal
3. CTemperature of 37,2 °C (99 °F)
4. DBlood pressure of 160/105 mmHg

Który objaw jest typowy dla zatrucia opioidami?

1. ASzybki, głęboki oddech
2. BSzpilkowate źrenice
3. CWysoka temperatura ciała
4. DSzeroko rozszerzone źrenice

A patient has a serum potassium of 7,0 mmol/L (mEq/L) and peaked T waves on the ECG. Which drug is given first to protect the heart?

1. AIntravenous furosemide
2. BOral potassium chloride
3. CIntravenous calcium gluconate
4. DOral sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A patient with epilepsy needs pain relief. Why is tramadol used with caution?

1. AIt always causes respiratory arrest in epilepsy
2. BIt speeds up the metabolism of all antiepileptic drugs
3. CIt lowers the seizure threshold
4. DIt causes a sharp rise in blood glucose