1.Приоритизация и делегированиеСредняя
A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”
- B“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
- C“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
- D“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
2.Приоритизация и делегированиеСложная
Какого пациента в нефрологическом отделении медсестре следует осмотреть первым?
- AПациента на гемодиализе, пропустившего вчерашний сеанс, у которого теперь мышечная слабость и нерегулярный пульс
- BПациента, у артериовенозной фистулы которого сильные дрожание и шум
- CПациента на перитонеальном диализе, у которого слитая жидкость прозрачная
- DПациента, просящего совета по диете с низким содержанием фосфатов
3.Инфекционный контроль и безопасность пациентаСредняя
An alcohol-based skin prep has been used before surgery with electrosurgery. What must happen before the drapes are placed?
- AThe prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
- BThe prep must be warmed with a hair dryer
- CThe prep must be wiped off with saline
- DThe prep must be covered with the drapes while it is still wet
4.Инфекционный контроль и безопасность пациентаСложная
A nurse teaches the daughter of a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s disease about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I let Mom cook alone on the gas stove because she enjoys it.”
- B“She wears an ID bracelet in case she gets lost.”
- C“We put locks high up on the outside doors.”
- D“I keep her medicines locked away and give each dose to her myself.”
5.Лабораторные показатели и электролитыСредняя
У пациента число тромбоцитов 18 × 10³/µL. Какая сестринская мера уместна?
- AМягкая зубная щётка, электробритва и никаких внутримышечных инъекций
- BИзмерять температуру ректально каждые четыре часа для точности
- CПоощрять использование зубной нити дважды в день и бритьё острым лезвием
- DДать назначенный аспирин при головной боли
6.Лабораторные показатели и электролитыСложная
A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9,8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?
- ARepeat the blood count in one year
- BGive iron and do no further tests at all
- CStart vitamin B12 injections
- DLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
7.Клиническое сестринское делоСредняя
A very anxious patient breathes rapidly for a long period. Which change is expected?
- ARespiratory acidosis from a high PaCO2
- BMetabolic acidosis from a low bicarbonate
- CMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
- DRespiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO2
8.Клиническое сестринское делоСложная
After a head injury, a patient has clear fluid leaking from the nose. What does this most likely suggest?
- AA base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
- BAllergic rhinitis triggered by the hospital environment
- CA normal and harmless response to head trauma
- DAcute sinusitis
9.Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системыСредняя
Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?
- ATo prevent orange discolouration of urine
- BTo prevent peripheral neuropathy
- CTo prevent gout attacks
- DTo prevent loss of colour vision
10.Терапия и хирургия: сердечно-сосудистая и дыхательная системыСложная
A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?
- ADocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
- BCancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently
- CStart chest compressions
- DGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min
11.Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почкиСредняя
A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?
- AGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
- BFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
- CLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest
- DSit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
12.Терапия и хирургия: нервная, эндокринная системы и почкиСложная
A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?
- AA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
- BNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
- CA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
- DSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
13.Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкологияСредняя
Какие признаки указывают на тяжёлый острый панкреатит с кровотечением в ткани?
- AКровоподтёки вокруг пупка или на боках
- BОтёк губ, языка и лица
- CЖёлтая окраска ногтей на пальцах рук
- DПурпурная сыпь на ладонях и подошвах
14.Терапия и хирургия: ЖКТ, периоперационный период и онкологияСложная
Two days after a PEG insertion, a patient reports pain on feeding, and feed is leaking around the site. What should the nurse do?
- AIncrease the feed rate to improve nutrition
- BStop the feed at once and seek urgent medical advice
- CGive the next medicines through the tube as usual
- DContinue feeding and apply a thicker dressing