Приоритизация и делегирование в стиле NCLEX: шпаргалка-пакет

A nurse needs to give report on a patient to a colleague. Which information is the most important to include?

1. ADetails of the nurse’s own break times that shift
2. BThe patient’s favorite television programs and hobbies
3. CThe patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
4. DPersonal opinions about the patient’s family members and their visiting habits

A patient is admitted with suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which precautions are needed until treatment has been given for long enough?

1. ADroplet precautions
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CAirborne precautions
4. DContact precautions only

Что должна сделать медсестра после случайного попадания крови пациента в глаза?

1. AЗакончить процедуру и сообщить на следующий день
2. BНемедленно промыть глаза большим количеством воды или физиологического раствора, затем сообщить о случае
3. CСначала аккуратно потереть глаза чистой сухой салфеткой, чтобы убрать кровь
4. DЗакапать антибактериальные глазные капли и никому не говорить

A 2-year-old living in a house built many decades ago has anemia, irritability and poor appetite. Which cause should the nurse suspect?

1. AA food allergy to cow’s milk proteins
2. BCarbon dioxide from a gas cooker
3. CLead poisoning from old paint dust or chips
4. DIron overload from eating too much red meat

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
2. BGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean
3. CGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
4. DGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day

У пациента с сильной рвотой калий 3,0 mEq/L, хлориды 88 mEq/L и высокий бикарбонат. Какую картину это показывает?

1. AВысокий калий с метаболическим ацидозом из-за обезвоживания
2. BДиабетический кетоацидоз с высоким анионным интервалом
3. CПотерю желудочной кислоты: низкие калий и хлориды, метаболический алкалоз
4. DНормальные результаты, не требующие наблюдения

Why is an ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before applying compression bandages to a leg ulcer?

1. ATo exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
2. BTo check for a urinary tract infection that could delay ulcer healing
3. CTo measure how deep the ulcer is and how much exudate it produces
4. DTo work out the patient's fluid needs

A patient admitted after a fall takes many regular medicines. Which safety step on admission helps prevent medication errors?

1. AMedicines reconciliation against reliable sources, such as primary care records
2. BDoubling the doses to make up for any missed while at home
3. CPrescribing only the medicines that the patient can remember taking
4. DStopping all regular medicines until the day the patient is discharged

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo make the cough completely stop
2. BTo flush the bacteria out through the urine
3. CTo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
4. DTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma

A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?

1. ASpirometry
2. BA 12-lead ECG
3. CA lumbar puncture
4. DAn abdominal ultrasound

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. ACarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
2. BPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug
3. CPropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
4. DCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood

A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?

1. AA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
2. BA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
3. CSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
4. DNormal for this patient, so no action is needed

Which statement about pain relief in acute pancreatitis is correct?

1. APain relief should be withheld until the diagnosis is certain
2. BOnly paracetamol may be given
3. COpioids must never be used in pancreatitis
4. DOpioids can be used, and good analgesia is a priority

A patient with a sacral pressure ulcer keeps sliding down the bed when the head is raised high. Which advice best reduces shear?

1. ASit the patient upright without any support for the feet
2. BUse a dry sheet and drag the patient up the bed
3. CRaise the head of the bed to 90° and pull the patient up the bed by the arms
4. DKeep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets