Приоритизация и делегирование в стиле NCLEX: шпаргалка-пакет

A malnourished patient admitted with alcohol use disorder needs IV glucose. Which vitamin is given before or with it?

1. AVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
2. BVitamin K (phytonadione)
3. CThiamine (vitamin B₁)
4. DVitamin D (calciferol)

A patient with raised intracranial pressure is being nursed on the ward. Which position is best?

1. AHead down with the legs raised above the heart
2. BHead of the bed at about 30 degrees with the neck straight
3. CFlat on the back with the head turned well over to one side
4. DSitting forward with the chin on the chest

An infant has had a cleft lip repair. Why are elbow restraints often used?

1. ATo prevent the infant from sucking a pacifier
2. BTo keep the infant from rolling over in the crib
3. CTo stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
4. DTo hold the IV line in place during feeds and stop it being pulled out

In a mass-casualty incident with limited resources, why may a critically injured patient with little chance of survival receive care after others?

1. APatients are treated in the order they arrive
2. BCritical patients are always treated last in every situation, even outside disasters
3. CResources go first to those most likely to survive with treatment
4. DThe most severely injured are never given comfort care

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ADigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
2. BThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
3. CThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
4. DSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss

A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BAcute viral hepatitis A
3. CHereditary hemochromatosis
4. DAnemia of chronic disease

A patient has a fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which advice is correct?

1. ACut the patch in half if the pain improves, to lower the dose
2. BKeep using the old patch with the new one
3. CApply the patch to broken skin for faster effect
4. DAvoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch

A patient going home with a leg cast is taught about cast care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep my leg raised on pillows for the first few days."
2. B"I will keep the cast dry."
3. C"I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
4. D"I will come back if my toes go numb or turn blue."

Почему простую лицевую маску нельзя использовать при потоке кислорода ниже примерно 5 L/min?

1. AМаска подаёт слишком много кислорода при низких потоках
2. BПри низких потоках кислород нельзя увлажнить
3. CВыдыхаемый CO₂ может скапливаться в маске и вдыхаться повторно
4. DПри низких потоках эластичная лента слишком свободна

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. APain that started at rest
2. BA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
3. CSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
4. DA large difference in blood pressure between the arms

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. AThe temperature every four hours only
2. BThe patient's appetite at the next meal
3. CThe colour of the patient's skin on the face
4. DSigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse

A patient with lung cancer is confused, dehydrated and constipated, with a corrected calcium of 3,4 mmol/L (about 13,6 mg/dL). What is usually the first treatment?

1. AIV fluids to rehydrate the patient
2. BA fluid restriction
3. CIV calcium gluconate and vitamin D
4. DOral calcium tablets

Почему у пациентов с циррозом повышен риск кровотечения?

1. AМеньше факторов свёртывания, низкие тромбоциты и варикозные вены из-за портальной гипертензии
2. BЦирроз повышает число тромбоцитов, из-за чего они становятся слабее
3. CВысокое артериальное давление при циррозе разрывает сосуды
4. DРубцово изменённая печень выделяет в кровь антикоагулянтные вещества, такие как гепарин

A patient with recurrent diverticulitis reports passing air and faecal matter in the urine. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA kidney stone blocking the ureter
2. BA fistula between the colon and the bladder
3. CA simple lower urinary tract infection
4. DBowel preparation that was taken too quickly