Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is a decomposer?

1. AAn organism that makes food from sunlight
2. BAn animal that hunts other animals
3. CAn organism that breaks down dead material
4. DAn animal that eats only plants

Which codon signals the start of translation in most genes?

1. AUAG
2. BUGA
3. CAUG
4. DUAA

What is activation energy?

1. AThe energy needed to start a chemical reaction
2. BThe energy plants take in from sunlight
3. CThe heat released when a reaction finishes
4. DThe energy stored in a molecule of ATP

Dolly the sheep was cloned by putting the nucleus of an adult body cell into an egg cell whose nucleus had been removed. Whose nuclear DNA did Dolly have?

1. AThe sheep that gave the body cell nucleus
2. BAn equal mix of all three sheep
3. CThe sheep that carried the pregnancy
4. DThe sheep that gave the egg cell

Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?

1. AThey replace enzymes that have been denatured
2. BThey are built into the cell membrane
3. CThey help enzymes carry out their reactions
4. DThey are digested to release large amounts of energy

Which of these is part of the body's innate (non-specific) defence?

1. AT cells that recognise one virus
2. BThe skin and stomach acid
3. CAntibodies made after vaccination
4. DMemory B cells from an earlier infection

У матери группа крови A (генотип Iᴬi), у отца — B (Iᴮi). Какие группы крови возможны у их детей?

1. AТолько A, B и AB
2. BТолько A и B
3. CТолько AB
4. DA, B, AB и O

Почему каждый фермент обычно действует только на один тип субстрата?

1. AФерменты могут работать только внутри ядра
2. BСубстраты создаются самим ферментом
3. CКаждый фермент содержит ДНК своего субстрата
4. DФорма его активного центра подходит только к этому субстрату