Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

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1.Лёгкая

Какая органелла производит большую часть АТФ в эукариотической клетке?

  1. AРибосома
  2. BМитохондрия
  3. CАппарат Гольджи
  4. DЛизосома
2.Лёгкая

What is natural selection?

  1. AIndividuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
  2. BAnimals choosing which mates they like best, so traits change at random
  3. COrganisms changing their genes when they need to
  4. DHumans breeding plants for useful traits
3.Лёгкая

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix and separates the two strands for copying?

  1. ALipase
  2. BLigase
  3. CAmylase
  4. DHelicase
4.Средняя

What is a chromosomal translocation?

  1. AA piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
  2. BA piece of a chromosome is flipped around in place
  3. COne DNA base is replaced by another base
  4. DA piece of a chromosome is copied twice and stays in the same place
5.Средняя

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

  1. AIt is split to release the energy needed for glycolysis
  2. BIt accepts electrons at the end of the transport chain
  3. CIt breaks pyruvate into lactic acid
  4. DIt is built into glucose molecules
6.Средняя

How can bacteria pass antibiotic-resistance genes directly to other bacteria?

  1. ABy meiosis, forming gametes with new alleles
  2. BBy osmosis, moving genes in water
  3. CBy mitosis, sharing copies of their chromosomes with neighbours
  4. DBy conjugation, transferring plasmids through a pilus
7.Сложная

Which evidence supports the theory that mitochondria came from bacteria that lived inside an ancient cell?

  1. AThey are found in all prokaryotic cells
  2. BThey have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan
  3. CThey have their own circular DNA, ribosomes and a double membrane
  4. DThey make the proteins used by the whole cell, including the nucleus
8.Сложная

Two genes lie very close together on the same chromosome. In a test cross, most offspring look like the parents instead of the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio. Why?

  1. AA frameshift mutation happened in both genes
  2. BThe genes are on different chromosomes and assort independently
  3. CThe genes are linked and are rarely separated by crossing over
  4. DBoth genes show incomplete dominance

Ответы

  1. 1. B · Митохондрия
  2. 2. A · Individuals with helpful traits survive and reproduce more
  3. 3. D · Helicase
  4. 4. A · A piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
  5. 5. B · It accepts electrons at the end of the transport chain
  6. 6. D · By conjugation, transferring plasmids through a pilus
  7. 7. C · They have their own circular DNA, ribosomes and a double membrane
  8. 8. C · The genes are linked and are rarely separated by crossing over

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