Биология для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

What is an allele?

1. AA protein made from a gene
2. BA different version of the same gene
3. CA section of DNA between genes
4. DA pair of matching chromosomes from each parent

What is apoptosis?

1. AFusion of two gametes
2. BDivision of the cytoplasm
3. CProgrammed cell death
4. DUncontrolled cell division

Which sugar is found in DNA?

1. ADeoxyribose
2. BFructose
3. CGlucose
4. DRibose

The genetic code is described as nearly universal. What does this mean?

1. AAll organisms have exactly the same genes
2. BAll organisms have the same number of chromosomes in their cells
3. CEvery cell in the body makes the same proteins
4. DThe same codons mean the same amino acids in nearly all organisms

What does the enzyme lipase break down?

1. AFats into fatty acids and glycerol
2. BDNA into nucleotides
3. CStarch into sugars
4. DProteins into amino acids and peptides

The results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis. What should the scientist do next?

1. ARevise the hypothesis and test it again
2. BChange the data so they fit the hypothesis
3. CStop doing any further research on the question
4. DReport that the hypothesis was proven correct

Why do cells get far more ATP from glucose when oxygen is present than when it is absent?

1. AWithout oxygen, glucose cannot enter the cell or be broken down at all
2. BWithout oxygen the Krebs cycle runs faster but makes less ATP
3. COxygen itself is converted into ATP in the mitochondria
4. DWithout oxygen only glycolysis runs, giving a net of 2 ATP per glucose

Two genes lie very close together on the same chromosome. In a test cross, most offspring look like the parents instead of the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio. Why?

1. AA frameshift mutation happened in both genes
2. BBoth genes show incomplete dominance
3. CThe genes are on different chromosomes and assort independently
4. DThe genes are linked and are rarely separated by crossing over